These values are valid for the Temperature 25 C.
Chemical Substance (state) |
∆Gf◦ kJ/mol |
Ag(s) |
0 |
Ag+(aq) |
78 |
AgBr(s) |
-100 |
AgCN(s) |
164 |
AgCl(s) |
-110 |
Ag2CrO4(s) |
-622 |
AgI(s) |
-66 |
Ag2O(s) |
|
Ag2S(s) |
-40 |
Al(s) |
0 |
Al2O3(s) |
-1580 |
Al(OH)3(s) |
|
AlCl3(s) |
-630 |
Ba(s) |
0 |
BaCl2(s) |
-790 |
BaCO3(s) |
-1138 |
BaO(s) |
-552 |
Ba(OH)2(s) |
|
BaSO4(s) |
-1354 |
Be(s) |
0 |
BeO(s) |
-570 |
Be(OH)2(s) |
-815 |
Br2(l) |
0 |
Br2(g) |
3 |
Br2(aq) |
4 |
Br–(aq) |
-105 |
Cd(s) |
0 |
CdO(s) |
-230 |
Cd(OH)2(s) |
-474 |
CdS(s) |
-154 |
CdSO4(s) |
-822 |
Ca(s) |
0 |
CaC2(s) |
-68 |
CaCO3(s) |
-1130 |
CaO(s) |
-605 |
Ca(OH)2(s) |
-900 |
Ca3(PO4)2(s) |
-3890 |
CaSO4(s) |
-1320 |
CaSiO3(s) |
-1550 |
C(s) (graphite) |
0 |
C(s) (diamond) |
3 |
CO(g) |
-138 |
CO2(g) |
-390 |
CH4(g) |
-50 |
CH3OH(g) |
-162 |
CH3OH(l) |
-165 |
C2H2(g) |
210 |
C2H4(g) |
68 |
CH3CHO(g) |
-130 |
C2H5OH(l) |
-175 |
C2H6(g) |
-33 |
C3H6(g) |
63 |
C3H8(g) |
-24 |
C2H4O(g) (ethylene oxide) |
-13 |
CH2=CHCN(g) |
195 |
CH3COOH(l) |
-390 |
C6H12O6(s) |
-910 |
CCl4 |
-65 |
Cl2(g) |
0 |
Cl2(aq) |
7 |
Cl–(aq) |
-130 |
Cr(s) |
0 |
Cr2O3(s) |
-1048 |
CrO3(s) |
-500 |
Cu(s) |
0 |
CuCO3(s) |
-518 |
Cu2O(s) |
-148 |
CuO(s) |
-128 |
Cu(OH)2(s) |
-372 |
CuS(s) |
-48 |
F2(g) |
0 |
F–(aq) |
-280 |
Fe(s) |
0 |
Fe3C(s) |
15 |
Fe0.95O(s) (wustite) |
-240 |
FeO |
-255 |
Fe3O4(s) (magnetite) |
-1013 |
Fe2O3(s) (hematite) |
-740 |
FeS(s) |
-100 |
FeS2(s) |
-165 |
FeSO4(s) |
-825 |
HBr(g) |
-5 |
H2CO(g) |
-110 |
HCOOH(g) |
-350 |
HCN(g) |
125 |
HCl(g) |
-95 |
HF(g) |
-270 |
H2(g) |
0 |
H(g) |
203 |
H+(aq) |
0 |
OH–(aq) |
-156 |
H2O(l) |
-238 |
H2O(g) |
-230 |
HNO3(aq) |
-110 |
HNO3(l) |
-80 |
H3PO4(s) |
-1120 |
H3PO4(l) |
|
H3PO4(aq) |
-1142 |
H2S(g) |
-34 |
H2SO4(l) |
-690 |
H2SO4(aq) |
-745 |
Hg(l) |
0 |
Hg2Cl2(s) |
-210 |
HgCl2(s) |
-185 |
HgO(s) |
-60 |
HgS(s) |
-50 |
I2(s) |
0 |
I2(g) |
20 |
I2(aq) |
16 |
I–(aq) |
-52 |
K(s) |
0 |
KCl(s) |
-408 |
KClO3(s) |
-290 |
KClO4(s) |
-304 |
K2O(s) |
-322 |
K2O2(s) |
-430 |
KO2(s) |
-238 |
KOH(s) |
-380 |
KOH(aq) |
-440 |
Mg(s) |
0 |
MgCO3(s) |
-1030 |
MgO(s) |
-570 |
Mg(OH)2(s) |
-834 |
Mn(s) |
0 |
MnO(s) |
-362 |
Mn3O4(s) |
-1280 |
Mn2O3(s) |
-894 |
MnO2(s) |
-466 |
MnO4–(aq) |
-450 |
Na(s) |
0 |
Na+(aq) |
-262 |
NaBr(s) |
-347 |
Na2CO3(s) |
-1048 |
NaHCO3(s) |
-850 |
NaCl(s) |
-384 |
NaH(s) |
-34 |
NaI(s) |
-282 |
NaNO2(s) |
|
NaNO3(s) |
-366 |
Na2O(s) |
-377 |
Na2O2(s) |
-450 |
NaOH(s) |
-380 |
NaOH(aq) |
-420 |
Ni(s) |
0 |
NiCl2(s) |
-272 |
NiO(s) |
-212 |
Ni(OH)2(s) |
-454 |
NiS(s) |
-90 |
N2(g) |
0 |
NH3(g) |
-18 |
NH3(aq) |
-26 |
NH4+(aq) |
-80 |
NO(g) |
86 |
NO2(g) |
52 |
N2O(g) |
104 |
N2O4(g) |
98 |
N2O4(l) |
97 |
N2O5(s) |
134 |
N2H4(l) |
150 |
N2H3CH3(l) |
180 |
NH4ClO4(s) |
-90 |
NH4Cl(s) |
-203 |
O2(g) |
0 |
O(g) |
232 |
O3(g) |
163 |
Pb(s) |
0 |
PbO2(s) |
-215 |
PbS(s) |
-100 |
PbSO4(s) |
-813 |
P(s) (white) |
0 |
P(s) (red) |
-12 |
P(s) (black) |
-33 |
P4(g) |
24 |
PF5(g) |
-1510 |
PH3(g) |
13 |
P4O10(s) |
-2700 |
S(s) (rhombic) |
0 |
S(s) (monoclinic) |
0.1 |
S2-(aq) |
86 |
S8(s) |
50 |
SF6(g) |
-1105 |
SiO2(s) (quartz) |
-856 |
SiCl4(l) |
-620 |
SO2(g) |
-300 |
SO3(g) |
-370 |
SO42-(aq) |
-745 |
Sn(s) (white) |
0 |
Sn(s) (grey) |
0.1 |
SnO(s) |
-255 |
SnO2(s) |
-520 |
Sn(OH)2(s) |
-490 |
TiCl4(g) |
-728 |
TiO2(s) |
-890 |
U(s) |
0 |
UF6(s) |
-2008 |
UF6(g) |
-2030 |
UO2(s) |
-1030 |
U3O8(s) |
-3390 |
UO3(s) |
-1150 |
Xe(g) |
0 |
XeF2(g) |
-48 |
XeF4(s) |
-120 |
XeF6(g) |
|
XeO3(s) |
|
Zn(s) |
0 |
ZnO(s) |
-318 |
Zn(OH)2(s) |
|
ZnS(s) (wurtzite) |
|
ZnS(s) (zinc blende) |
-200 |
ZnSO4(s) |
-874 |
This table is valid for the temperature 25 C
Chemical Substance (state) |
∆Hf◦ (kJ/mol) |
Ag(s) |
0 |
Ag+(aq) |
105 |
AgBr(s) |
-100 |
AgCN(s) |
164 |
AgCl(s) |
-128 |
Ag2CrO4(s) |
-712 |
AgI(s) |
-62 |
Ag2O(s) |
-32 |
Ag2S(s) |
-40 |
Al(s) |
0 |
Al2O3(s) |
-1675 |
Al(OH)3(s) |
-1276 |
AlCl3(s) |
-704 |
Al2(SO4)3 (s) |
-3440 |
Ba(s) |
0 |
BaCO3(s) |
-1220 |
BaO(s) |
-582 |
Ba(OH)2(s) |
-945 |
BaSO4(s) |
-1465 |
BaCl2(s) |
-858 |
Be(s) |
0 |
BeO(s) |
-600 |
Be(OH)2(s) |
-903 |
Br2(l) |
0 |
Br2(g) |
31 |
Br2(aq) |
-3 |
BrF3 (g) |
-255 |
Br–(aq) |
-120 |
Cd(s) |
0 |
CdO(s) |
-259 |
Cd(OH)2(s) |
-560 |
CdS(s) |
-162 |
CdSO4(s) |
-935 |
Ca(s) |
0 |
Ca2+(g) |
1925 |
CaC2(s) |
-63 |
CaCl2(s) |
-796 |
CaCl2(aq) |
-877 |
CaCO3(s) |
-1206 |
CaF2(s) |
-1220 |
CaH2(s) |
-186 |
CaO(s) |
-635 |
Ca(OH)2(s) |
-985 |
Ca(OH)2(aq) |
-1003 |
Ca3(PO4)2(s) |
-4125 |
CaSO4(s) |
-1435 |
CaSiO3(s) |
-1630 |
C(s) graphite |
0 |
C(s) diamond |
2 |
CO(g) |
-110 |
CO2(g) |
-394 |
CS2(l) |
89 |
CS2(g) |
117 |
CH4(g) |
-75 |
CH3OH(g) |
-200 |
CH3OH(l) |
-240 |
CH2O(g) |
-115 |
CHOOH(g) |
-363 |
CHN(g) |
135 |
C2H2(g) |
227 |
C2H4(g) |
52 |
CH3CHO(g) |
-165 |
C2H5OH(l) |
-278 |
C2H6(g) |
-85 |
C3H6(g) |
21 |
C3H8(g) |
-105 |
C2H4O(g) |
-53 |
CH3COOH(l) |
-485 |
C6H12O6(s) glucose |
-1275 |
CCl4(l) |
-135 |
CCl4(g) |
-104 |
Cs(s) |
0 |
Cs(g) |
76 |
Cs(l) |
2 |
Cs+(g) |
458 |
CsCl(s) |
-443 |
Cl2(g) |
0 |
Cl2(aq) |
-23 |
Cl–(aq) |
-165 |
Cr(s) |
0 |
Cr2O3(s) |
-1128 |
CrO3(s) |
-580 |
Cu(s) |
0 |
CuCO3(s) |
-595 |
Cu2O(s) |
-170 |
CuO(s) |
-156 |
Cu(OH)2(s) |
-450 |
CuS(s) |
-50 |
F2(g) |
0 |
F–(aq) |
-333 |
Fe(s) |
0 |
Fe3C(s) |
20 |
FeCl3(s) |
-400 |
FeO(s) |
-272 |
Fe3O4(s) |
-1118 |
Fe2O3(s) |
-825 |
FeS(s) |
-96 |
FeS2(s) |
-178 |
FeSO4(s) |
-929 |
HBr(g) |
-35 |
HCl(g) |
-92 |
HF(g) |
-270 |
H2(g) |
0 |
H(g) |
217 |
H+(g) |
0 |
HCN(g) |
130 |
OH–(g) |
-230 |
H2O(l) |
-286 |
H2O(g) |
-242 |
H2S(g) |
-20 |
H2SO4(l) |
-813 |
H2SO4(aq) |
-908 |
H3PO4(s) |
-1280 |
H3PO4(l) |
-1267 |
H3PO4(aq) |
-1288 |
HI(g) |
27 |
HNO3(aq) |
-207 |
HNO3(l) |
-175 |
Hg(l) |
0 |
Hg2Cl2(s) |
-265 |
HgCl2(s) |
-230 |
HgO(s) |
-90 |
HgS(s) |
-60 |
I2(s) |
0 |
I2(g) |
62 |
I2(aq) |
23 |
I–(aq) |
-55 |
K(s) |
0 |
KBr(s) |
-392 |
KCl(s) |
-435 |
KF(s) |
-563 |
KClO3(s) |
-390 |
KClO4(s) |
-433 |
K2O(s) |
-360 |
KOH(s) |
-425 |
KOH(aq) |
-480 |
Mg(s) |
0 |
MgCO3(s) |
-1112 |
MgCl2(s) |
-642 |
MgO(s) |
-600 |
Mg(OH)2(s) |
-925 |
Mg(OH)2(aq) |
-927 |
MgSO4(s) |
-1278 |
Mn(s) |
0 |
MnO(s) |
-385 |
Mn3O4(s) |
-1387 |
Mn2O3(s) |
970 |
MnO2(s) |
-520 |
MnO4–(aq) |
-543 |
N2(g) |
0 |
NH3(aq) |
-80 |
NH4+(aq) |
-132 |
NO(g) |
90 |
NO2(g) |
35 |
N2O(g) |
82 |
N2O4(g) |
10 |
N2O4(l) |
-20 |
N2O5(s) |
-42 |
N2H4(l) |
50 |
N2H3CH3(l) |
54 |
NH4ClO4(s) |
-295 |
NH4Cl(s) |
-315 |
Na(s) |
0 |
Na+(aq) |
-240 |
NaBr(s) |
-360 |
Na2CO3(s) |
-1130 |
NaHCO3(s) |
-948 |
NaCl(s) |
-386 |
NaH(s) |
-55 |
NaI(s) |
-288 |
NaNO2(s) |
-360 |
NaNO3(s) |
-467 |
NaNO3(aq) |
-469 |
Na2O(s) |
-415 |
Na2O2(s) |
-515 |
NaOH(s) |
-427 |
NaOH(aq) |
-470 |
Ni(s) |
0 |
NiCl2(s) |
-315 |
NiO(s) |
-240 |
Ni(OH)2(s) |
-538 |
NiS(s) |
-93 |
O2(g) |
0 |
O(g) |
250 |
O3(g) |
143 |
P(s) |
0 |
P4(g) |
60 |
PF5(g) |
-1578 |
PCl3(l) |
-320 |
PCl5(s) |
-440 |
PH3(g) |
5 |
P4O10(s) |
-2985 |
Pb(s) |
0 |
PbO2(s) |
-277 |
PbS(s) |
-100 |
PbSO4(s) |
-920 |
Pb(NO3)2(s) |
-452 |
S(s) |
0 |
S2-(aq) |
33 |
S8(g) |
102 |
SF6(g) |
-1208 |
SO2(g) |
-300 |
SO3(g) |
-395 |
SO42-(aq) |
-910 |
Si(g) |
368 |
SiC(s) |
-73 |
SiO2(s) |
-911 |
SiCl4(l) |
-687 |
Sn(s) |
0 |
SnO(s) |
-285 |
SnO2(s) |
-580 |
Sn(OH)2(s) |
-560 |
TiCl4(g) |
-763 |
TiO2(s) |
-945 |
U(s) |
0 |
UF6(s) |
-2137 |
UF6(g) |
-2113 |
UO2(s) |
-1084 |
U3O8(s) |
-3575 |
UO3(s) |
-1230 |
Xe(g) |
0 |
XeF2(g) |
-108 |
XeF4(s) |
-250 |
XeF6(g) |
-294 |
XeOa(s) |
402 |
Zn(s) |
0 |
ZnO(s) |
-348 |
Zn(OH)2(s) |
-642 |
ZnS(s) |
-195 |
ZnSO4(s) |
-983 |
Heat of Fusion and Heat of Vaporization Table
Chemical Substance | Fusion (J/g) | Vapor (J/g) |
H2O | 334 | 2260 |
CH4 (Methane) | 59.0 | 113 |
CH3OH (Methanol) | 70.0 | |
C2H6 (Ethane) | 69.1 | |
C2H5OH (Ethanol) | 109 | |
CH3COOH | 192 | |
CO2 | 184 | 574 |
Al | 400 | 11,000 |
Br2 | 134 | 378 |
He | 4 | 20 |
Ne | 17 | 85 |
Ar | 28 | 160 |
Kr | 16 | 100 |
H2 | 60 | 445 |
N2 | 25 | 200 |
O2 | 14 | 210 |
Cu | 209 | 4700 |
Fe | 250 | 6000 |
Pb | 25 | 860 |
Na | 115 | 4200 |
Hg | 11 | 300 |
Ag | 105 | 2400 |
Sn | 60 | 2500 |
Zn | 112 | 1900 |
Melting Point and Boiling Point Table
Chemical Substance | Melting (C) | Boiling (C) |
H2O | 0 | 100 |
CH4 (Methane) | -180 | -164 |
CH3OH (Methanol) | -97 | 65 |
C2H6 (Ethane) | -172 | -90 |
C2H5OH (Ethanol) | -130 | 78 |
CH3COOH | ||
CO2 | ||
Al | 660 | 2520 |
Br2 | -7 | 60 |
He | -270 | |
Ne | -249 | -246 |
Ar | -190 | -186 |
Kr | -157 | -153 |
H2 | -260 | -253 |
N2 | -210 | -196 |
O2 | -219 | -183 |
Cu | 1080 | 2560 |
Fe | 1540 | 2860 |
Pb | 327 | 1750 |
Na | 98 | 882 |
Hg | -40 | 356 |
Ag | 962 | 2160 |
Sn | 230 | 2600 |
Zn | 420 | 908 |
Chemical Substance (state) | J / g C |
Al(s) | 0.89 |
Be(s) | 1.82 |
He(g) | 5.19 |
Li(s) | 3.58 |
C(s) graphite | 0.71 |
C(s) diamond | 0.51 |
CO2(g) | 0.84 |
CH4(g) | 2.19 |
C2H5OH(l) | 2.40 |
Ne(g) | 1.03 |
Ar(g) | 0.52 |
Be(s) | 1.82 |
Cu(s) | 0.38 |
H2O(s) | 2.03 |
H2O(l) | 4.18 |
H2O(g) | 2.08 |
Fe(s) | 0.45 |
Pb(s) | 0.13 |
Mg(s) | 1.02 |
Hg(l) | 0.14 |
N2(g) | 1.04 |
NH3(l) | 4.70 |
O2(g) | 0.92 |
SiO2(s) | 0.84 |
Na(s) | 1.23 |
Ag(s) | 0.24 |
H2S(g) | 1.01 |
Sn(s) | 0.21 |
Zn(s) | 0.39 |
Group 1
NH4+ | Ammonium |
1 | |
NO3– | Nitrate |
NO2– | Nitrite |
CO32- | Carbonate |
CO22- | Carbonite |
1 | |
SO42- | Sulfate |
SO32- | Sulfite |
PO43- | Phosphate |
PO33- | Phosphite |
1 | |
OH– | Hydroxide |
CN– | Cyanide |
C2H3O2– | Acetate |
Group 2
H3O+ | Hydronium |
1 | |
ClO4– | Perchlorate |
ClO3– | Chlorate |
ClO2– | Chlorite |
ClO– | Hypochlorite |
1 | |
BrO4– | Perbromate |
BrO3– | Bromate |
BrO2– | Bromite |
BrO– | Hypobromite |
1 | |
IO4– | Periodate |
IO3– | Iodate |
IO2– | Iodite |
IO– | Hypoiodite |
Group 3
MnO4– | Permanganate |
CrO42- | Chromate |
Cr2O72- | Perchromate |
S2O32- | Thiosulfate |
O22- | Peroxide |