Scientific Tutor

Chemical Substance (state)

∆G_f^◦ kJ/mol

Ag(s)

0

Ag⁺(aq)

78

AgBr(s)

-100

AgCN(s)

164

AgCl(s)

-110

Ag₂CrO₄(s)

-622

AgI(s)

-66

Ag₂O(s)

-10

Ag₂S(s)

-40

Al(s)

0

Al₂O₃(s)

-1580

Al(OH)₃(s)

AlCl₃(s)

-630

Ba(s)

0

BaCl₂(s)

-790

BaCO₃(s)

-1138

BaO(s)

-552

Ba(OH)₂(s)

BaSO₄(s)

-1354

Be(s)

0

BeO(s)

-570

Be(OH)₂(s)

-815

Br₂(l)

0

Br₂(g)

3

Br₂(aq)

4

Br^–(aq)

-105

Cd(s)

0

CdO(s)

-230

Cd(OH)₂(s)

-474

CdS(s)

-154

CdSO₄(s)

-822

Ca(s)

0

CaC₂(s)

-68

CaCO₃(s)

-1130

CaO(s)

-605

Ca(OH)₂(s)

-900

Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s)

-3890

CaSO₄(s)

-1320

CaSiO₃(s)

-1550

C(s) (graphite)

0

C(s) (diamond)

3

CO(g)

-138

CO₂(g)

-390

CH₄(g)

-50

CH₃OH(g)

-162

CH₃OH(l)

-165

C₂H₂(g)

210

C₂H₄(g)

68

CH₃CHO(g)

-130

C₂H₅OH(l)

-175

C₂H₆(g)

-33

C₃H₆(g)

63

C₃H₈(g)

-24

C₂H₄O(g) (ethylene oxide)

-13

CH₂=CHCN(g)

195

CH₃COOH(l)

-390

C₆H₁₂O₆(s)

-910

CCl₄

-65

Cl₂(g)

0

Cl₂(aq)

7

Cl^–(aq)

-130

Cr(s)

0

Cr₂O₃(s)

-1048

CrO₃(s)

-500

Cu(s)

0

CuCO₃(s)

-518

Cu₂O(s)

-148

CuO(s)

-128

Cu(OH)₂(s)

-372

CuS(s)

-48

F₂(g)

0

F^–(aq)

-280

Fe(s)

0

Fe₃C(s)

15

Fe_0.95O(s) (wustite)

-240

FeO

-255

Fe₃O₄(s) (magnetite)

-1013

Fe₂O₃(s) (hematite)

-740

FeS(s)

-100

FeS₂(s)

-165

FeSO₄(s)

-825

HBr(g)

-5

H₂CO(g)

-110

HCOOH(g)

-350

HCN(g)

125

HCl(g)

-95

HF(g)

-270

H₂(g)

0

H(g)

203

H⁺(aq)

0

OH^–(aq)

-156

H₂O(l)

-238

H₂O(g)

-230

HNO₃(aq)

-110

HNO₃(l)

-80

H₃PO₄(s)

-1120

H₃PO₄(l)

H₃PO₄(aq)

-1142

H₂S(g)

-34

H₂SO₄(l)

-690

H₂SO₄(aq)

-745

Hg(l)

0

Hg₂Cl₂(s)

-210

HgCl₂(s)

-185

HgO(s)

-60

HgS(s)

-50

I₂(s)

0

I₂(g)

20

I₂(aq)

16

I^–(aq)

-52

K(s)

0

KCl(s)

-408

KClO₃(s)

-290

KClO₄(s)

-304

K₂O(s)

-322

K₂O₂(s)

-430

KO₂(s)

-238

KOH(s)

-380

KOH(aq)

-440

Mg(s)

0

MgCO₃(s)

-1030

MgO(s)

-570

Mg(OH)₂(s)

-834

Mn(s)

0

MnO(s)

-362

Mn₃O₄(s)

-1280

Mn₂O₃(s)

-894

MnO₂(s)

-466

MnO₄^–(aq)

-450

Na(s)

0

Na⁺(aq)

-262

NaBr(s)

-347

Na₂CO₃(s)

-1048

NaHCO₃(s)

-850

NaCl(s)

-384

NaH(s)

-34

NaI(s)

-282

NaNO₂(s)

NaNO₃(s)

-366

Na₂O(s)

-377

Na₂O₂(s)

-450

NaOH(s)

-380

NaOH(aq)

-420

Ni(s)

0

NiCl₂(s)

-272

NiO(s)

-212

Ni(OH)₂(s)

-454

NiS(s)

-90

N₂(g)

0

NH₃(g)

-18

NH₃(aq)

-26

NH₄⁺(aq)

-80

NO(g)

86

NO₂(g)

52

N₂O(g)

104

N₂O₄(g)

98

N₂O₄(l)

97

N₂O₅(s)

134

N₂H₄(l)

150

N₂H₃CH₃(l)

180

NH₄ClO₄(s)

-90

NH₄Cl(s)

-203

O₂(g)

0

O(g)

232

O₃(g)

163

Pb(s)

0

PbO₂(s)

-215

PbS(s)

-100

PbSO₄(s)

-813

P(s) (white)

0

P(s) (red)

-12

P(s) (black)

-33

P₄(g)

24

PF₅(g)

-1510

PH₃(g)

13

P₄O₁₀(s)

-2700

S(s) (rhombic)

0

S(s) (monoclinic)

0.1

S^2-(aq)

86

S₈(s)

50

SF₆(g)

-1105

SiO₂(s) (quartz)

-856

SiCl₄(l)

-620

SO₂(g)

-300

SO₃(g)

-370

SO₄^2-(aq)

-745

Sn(s) (white)

0

Sn(s) (grey)

0.1

SnO(s)

-255

SnO₂(s)

-520

Sn(OH)₂(s)

-490

TiCl₄(g)

-728

TiO₂(s)

-890

U(s)

0

UF₆(s)

-2008

UF₆(g)

-2030

UO₂(s)

-1030

U₃O₈(s)

-3390

UO₃(s)

-1150

Xe(g)

0

XeF₂(g)

-48

XeF₄(s)

-120

XeF₆(g)

XeO₃(s)

Zn(s)

0

ZnO(s)

-318

Zn(OH)₂(s)

ZnS(s) (wurtzite)

ZnS(s) (zinc blende)

-200

ZnSO₄(s)

-874